Child Care Is The Better Option For A Child s Development

There comes a point in every working parent’s life when a decision has to be made concerning the welfare of their children. Do they send their children to daycare or keep them in a home care environment with a family or with a family member. In past years, home care was the better option for a child’s development. Child care centers were just a place where a child was left and watched for the day. In recent years, the roles of child care centers have changed. Care Center employees become caregivers and are now able to teach much need skills in learning and social readiness. Child care center provide educational programs that develop cognitive, language, social, and emotional skills as well as promotes school readiness for children from†¦show more content†¦From the article â€Å" The Relation of Child Care to Cognitive and Language Development† by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Early Child Care Research Network, research sug gest child development links children’s cognitive and language development directly to cognitive experiences in child care settings (p. 961). Furthermore , these researchers state, â€Å"center-based infant and toddler care have more advances language development and perform better on measures of intelligence and achievement than do children in child care homes†(p. 962). In addition, child care centers are better postured to offer education to young children to reach cognitive gains. Cognitive development is the foundation of the pillars for information processing language, reasoning, and memory retention. Child care center caregivers cultivate the young minds of children by introducing them to age specific activities like problem-solving, speech interactions, numeracy, and word and color recognition. As stated in the 2013 article â€Å"Center-based Child Care and Cognitive skills Development: Importance of Timing and Household Resources, â€Å"A host of recent studi es have found support for the argument that center-based care seems to enhance early reading and numeracy skills in comparison parent care or more informal home-based care settings† (as cites in Votruba-Drzal, E., Coley, R. L., Koury, A.S., Miller, P, 2013, P. 822). Early education and care is essential to

Drinking and Driving Persuasive Essay - 858 Words

Drinking and Driving Persuasive Essay Comm215 July 12, 2010 Drinking and Driving Each year numerous lives are lost due to careless and irrational driving. The disregard for safe driving has been a predicament to the United States of America for years. Many years Police have relied heavily on speed cameras, breathalyzer tests and heavy fines as a deterrent against unlawful drivers. Over the years fatality rates have increased, so the Department of Transportation and Highway Safety has composed a series of safe driving campaigns. On many occasions the Transportation Department informs and advises the public about the importance of responsible driving. They propagate safe driving through the various channels of the media and†¦show more content†¦It convinces the common people of the importance of life and makes them aware of the consequences that come from small and simple choices they make every day. A very effective piece of propaganda in that it captures the reader’s attention successfully by placing a picture of a child in the focal point of the advertisement. The child plays a vital role in this piece of propaganda in that it represents a loved one, family member and anything cherished. It shows what could be left behind, if a driver chooses to ignore safe driving. Choosing a sorrowful child’s face, further enhanced the emotions of the reader, as the advertisement would not have the same effect if an adult was shown instead. The advertisement also suggests that the driver has been negligent in his/her duty of care toward their family. This also instigates a number of feelings in the viewers mind about their family, and the result to their loved ones. Fear is also generated in this piece of propaganda in that it plays on the emotions of the viewer by making them aware of what may be left behind if they die by a thoughtless and preventable accident. This further prompts safe driving, that it reveals to the viewer real life accidents, and promotes concern to the viewer. It also gives a sense of pity for the child that has been abandon by its deceased parents. This is a typical propaganda article which relies heavily on the emotions of the viewer to convey its message. It first projects scenes of typicalShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Drinking And Driving1652 Words   |  7 PagesThe chosen ad category for this project is drinking and driving. The main purpose of this was on how society can stop this horrible incident that happens in almost every weekend around the world (the time when people drink). There has been a rise of these in the America continent (North and South) over the past decade (Intoxalock). 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Although sleep is thought to conserve energy it actually drains your metabolism by 5-10%. However, sleep is very beneficial to humans. Sleeping progresses the bodies’ growth and rejuvenates the immune, skeletal, nervous and muscular systems. Sleep also improves short-term memory, mood, efficiency, concentration, andRead MoreLiterature And Art : The Sun Also Rises, The Great Gatsby, And Night1502 Words   |  7 Pagesevent in history. The authors of the books and the artists wanted the reader or the observer to understand that the characters and the story they wrote or drew was based on their perspective of the era when their written books or painting. In this essay I will be talking about the events in literature (The Sun Also Rises, The Great Gatsby, and Night) and art (The Scream, and The Persistence of Memory). I will be showing you example indi cation what event which books and art came from by showing youRead MoreAnalytical Essay Final Draft1771 Words   |  8 PagesLet’s Agree the Drinking Age of 21 Drinking age is not a strange phrase in our lives. Every time when we go to club or buy some liquor, we have to show our photo ID to prove that we have already 21 and we are legal to drink wine. I think this is a really good method to control drinking problem. Before I read these two articles which are â€Å"The 21-Year-Old Drinking Age: I Voted for it, It Doesn’t Work† by Dr. Morris E. Chafetz and â€Å"The Drinking Age of 21 Saves Lives† by Toben F. Nelson andRead MoreThomas Nagel s Moral Luck2462 Words   |  10 PagesThis essay examines Thomas Nagel’s paper, Moral Luck, and aims to dissect the assumptions and arguments presented. Moral Luck challenges the Kantian idea that morality is immune from luck by defining and supporting the concept of ‘moral luck.’ Nagel claims that moral luck occurs when â€Å"a significant aspect of what someone does depends on factors beyond his control, yet we continue to treat him in that respect as an object of moral judgment.† This essay begins by presenting Nagel’s argument and supportingRead MoreKeeping Marijuana Illegal2777 Words   |  12 Pagesillegal came the restrictions of growth, sales, and consumption. Marijuana has many negative side effects mental and physical. Marijuana has been used by millions of people who continually use it on a regular basis even though it is illegal. This essay will describe and analyze what marijuana is, how it affects the body, what happens to the body when an overdose happens, the dangers of using just a small amount of this drug, and where marijuana comes from. Where does marijuana come from? Marijuana

Mielda Essay Example For Students

Mielda Essay In 1994, a 29 year-old programmer from the University of Helsenki in Finland named Linux Torvalds designed an operating system that he named Linux as a hobby. He distributed Linux to his friends and his friends gave it to their friends and so on. Linux got a lot of suggestions on how he could improve Linux. He took the suggestions and improved how Linux worked. As Linux got bigger and better more people started to use it. It was wide spread across the University. Torvalds made Linux open source so that if someone wanted to program Linux to there needs they could. Linux then became wide spread across the world. Many people are now trading in Windows for Linux. The increasingly vocal freeware community has championed Linux as a real, viable alternative to Microsoft Corp.s Windows and NT for years. Linux is freeware unlike Windows, which you pay a fair bit of money for. Mary Jo Foley is suggesting that because Linux is freeware then it will do better then Windows. There is nothing wrong with Windows as a operating system, Linux will do better then Windows because Microsoft has been on top for many years and a lot of people are getting sick of it so they are getting Linux.Windows is not always the best solution. If you want to use an old PC as router youre probably better off with a one disk Linux distribution which does just that. Performance of Linux in many cases is better too. There are probably many other scenarios where Windows is not a good choice. In a huge server cluster with dozens of processors you probably dont want to run Windows because of its licensing costs, Linux doesnt have all that. A problem with Windows is that its closed source, if you find a problem with the OS you can only rely on documentation you cant dive into the code to see what goes wrong. Its a black box, you dont have this problem in Linux, this is seen as a big advantage of Linux. You could wonder how many Linux users actually would ever reas source code. A very good thing of Linux is that its competing Windows, something Windows users benefit from too. Windows Server 2000 costs over $1000. The comparable edition of 2003 is around $670. Prices are dropping, which is a good thing. But anyways its a peoples choice which operation system to use.

Creative Arts as Part of the Curriculum Essay Example For Students

Creative Arts as Part of the Curriculum Essay Literature Review For this literature review will be critically analyzing different perspectives on the benefits of having creatively arts within the daily practice of an early childhood curriculum as well as the positive impact creative/visual arts can have on childrens development. While the creative art curriculum includes dance, drama, and music, I will be focusing On visual art such as painting, drawing and so on. I will also discuss how the Rigger Emilie approach reflects and supports 3 creative art curriculum for young children, as well as linking this to the New Zealand early childhood curriculum document, Tee Harkin. Firstly, what is a creative art within an early childhood education? Greek artist Dimitys Mantras stated that art cannot be taught to young children, but it carries a message to them of freedom (Noiseless, 2007). Another aspect on what creative arts is, is not just about providing paints to the children, it is about providing children with an experience for creativity, which has a big point of analytical and critical thinking and problem solving (Ageist, no date p. 43), The creative arts is also about providing a wide range of experiences from paint, drawing markers, locale materials, clay, natural materials as well as resources used for modeling and construction (Swan, 2005). Feel that this statement is very true from my own practice and those who work around me. We have spent a great deal on improving our experience we provide in the creative art curriculum and have seen children taking more participation in art when a variety is offered. Art is a dynamic and unifying activ ity, the process of drawing, painting and constructing is a complex one. The child brings together many different elements to his or her experience (Instincts, 2007 p. ). This means that art should not be made structured and teacher lead, but for children to be creative and free for children to express Early Childhood Research 3 831 1 Rachel Males 20090622 Literature Review themselves and bring a different dimension to what is offered. Do believe that children only learn from learning themselves. With some activities being teacher lead is appropriate, agree with Instincts (2007) about children experiencing their own vision for the materials. It is tort the teachers to provide the resources to the children, for them to be able to express themselves rely and to suit their emotions and understanding at the time. Another article by Suffolk Early Years and Child care Services (2011) also supports children exploring art at their own pace and in their own way. The article looks at the teachers role modeling the materials, but letting the children to express themselves and to make their own choices. Another aspect of creative arts is the social cohesion it brings for the children. Beats and Beats explains that this social cohesion is where children are able to share their stories and experiences from themselves and their families, but children are also experiencing social and ultra significance from others (Foeman-Foal, Pooh Terrine, 2009). This can also be supported by Cherry (1972) Whose article States that conversations spring up among the children and between the children and the adults (p. 4). I also agree With this, as during many experiences through creative art projects, conversations are generated, letting children express themselves and their emotions. This can also be supported by Tee Harkin (Ministry of Education, 1996) which states under the goals that children experience of a variety of opportunities that promotes their language and social skills. As stated from these articles a creative arts curriculum provides both these skills for all children. This then follows into the benefits of how creative arts support childrens development. The creative arts can play a role in childrens gross motor skills 2 Literature Review and fine motor skills (as well as dance, drama and music) it also has a significant impact on children cognitive and shoo-emotional development as well as their language development. When looking at the cognitive development, Swan (2005) discusses how a variety of art materials can provide hillier with manipulative skills (such as clay and play dough) but children are also exploring the cause and effect when manipulating such materials. Swan (2005) also explains how these skills further supports their learning in early mathematics and science education. Live that this statement means that the creative arts curriculum can be a supporting tool in all areas of childrens education and development. Nikolas (2007) also supports this through another aspect of how children also need to be able to perceive expressive forms and not just cerate them. Looking and making art are dynamically interrelated hillside s perceptual awareness as well as their artistic and expressive skills (p. 9). When looking at the socio-emotional development for children, an article written by Schwartz Luckiness (2012) who describe two techniques to support children in their socio-emotional development. Candide- A Contrast To Optimism EssayTee Harkin (MOE, 1996) also recognizes the importance of providing an environment hat promotes verbal and non verbal communication skills for children to express themselves as well as their understandings and experiences tooth wider world, and teaches who provide a creative art curriculum encourages children to learn these verbal and non verbal communication skills (Foeman-Foal, Pooh Terrine, 2009). A creative arts curriculum also promote a sense of belonging when looking at other cultural heritage (Nikolas, 2007) I feel that this statement Literature Review very true, especially in New Zealand where we are Of mixed cultures. Well Tee Harkin (MOE, 1996) is written for peaked, Maori and Aphasia hillier and families, it also supports children from Other cultures. An article from the Taylor and Francis Group also supports a creative arts curriculum for Maori and Aphasia as well as other cultures in our centers by stating the way in which visual art can provide an effective pathways for all children, particularly Aphasia and Maori children, to navigate their way through the teaching and learning environment identifying and constructing their cultural identities through their interaction with cultural artifacts is a key theme (no author, 2009, p. 24). Nikolas (1987) also supports a creative art curriculum by saying caching plays an important role as it provides children not only with an artistic experience but it also provides children with an opportunity to explore and experience discovery and play within the art (cited in Nikolas, 2007). To support the curriculum in creative arts, it is up to the teachers to have knowledge in it and also provide it on a regular basis for children to experience. This can be supported by the article written by Ageist and Hon. (no date) where they state educators of young children are realizing the importance of creativity, imagination and divergent thinking in the classroom (Epstein, 2008 cited in Ageist ND Hahn, no date, p, 141)_ Another article that supports Ageist and Hones statement on teachers, is from Edwards, Postgraduate Wright who noticed how teachers are being more amazed by the unexpected perceptions of young children, and the unique way that young children view their wider world ad then express their imagination (1995). Literature Review In conclusion, from my literature research have gathered I have found a variety of information to support young children being involved within a creative arts curriculum. Have found much information to support he benefits on childs development especially social skills and language skills, such as verbal and non verbal communication skills. Feel that it is important to provide children with the opportunity to experience a variety of experiences in creative arts and not just providing children with paint, markers and paper. A thinking outside to box approach needs to be implemented by teachers in support childrens learning, through experimenting, practicing and evening failing for future learning.

Lifelong Learning or Learning for Life an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Lifelong Learning or Learning for Life? by Expert Dr jack | 06 Dec 2016 The changing world is so competitive in which the potential learners for lifelong learning in fact live. The perspective for thinking concerning any form of post-school earning has changed so radically over the past twenty-five years that whatever it is that can make a difference has revolutionized too; and essentially so. Every feasible aspect of society is different from what it was a moderately short time ago. Work, home, family, leisure, and all the adult roles within them, are as different as chalk from cheese. It all tells the same story (Brown, 2002, 44). Need essay sample on "Lifelong Learning or Learning for Life?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed More and more people are taking more accountability for what happens in their own lives as they live them, taking a greater concern in matters which can affect them, from food, how to grow it, shop for it, cook it, eat it to global warming, from obesity to simulated insemination. What is more, the opportunities for people to learn have extended exponentially. Television, radio, Web access is now accessible to knowledge and information for huge numbers of people who really wants it. Undergraduates Frequently Tell EssayLab professionals:I'm not in the mood to write my essay. Because I want to spend time with my boyfriendEssay writer professionals propose: Buy An Essay Which Will Lead You To Your Academic SuccessWrite My Essay Helper Write My Essay For Cheap Pay Someone To Write Paper Online Essay Writing Company And the shelves of self-help books in bookshops, hot lines for a range of people who are in pain for one reason or another, all point in the same direction. Learning has become an inpidual doings for inpiduals as never before. What is more, the sheer variety of topics on any list of what people are learning these days would have seemed ludicrous to former generations. But maybe the most significant aspect of all this is that most people would not illustrate what they are doing as learning as they look for to master whatever topic they keep with. Overall, therefore, a persity of social trends has enlarged the attractiveness and perceived significance of university for a far larger part of the population than in the past. Many analyses of these social changes in modern society, which are broadly mirrored in other Western societies, go on to argue that the more varied, flexible and atomized nature of society must be viewed within the framework of post-modernism. Everything is comparative, there are no universal laws, no meta-narratives', and certainly no place for ideological frameworks such as liberalism or collectivism. One of the various glaring fallacies of post-modernism is, as Peter Osborne has noted, its failure to distinguish that the narrative of the death of meta-narrative is itself grander than most of the narratives it would relegate to oblivion' (Osborne in Eagleton, 1996, p. 34). University, in this climate of post-modernism, has comprehensive roles, but the customary liberal framework is certainly challenged. A part of the post-modernist assault has been to refute the validity or even the prospect of academic objectivity. The possibility of securing objective knowledge and of pursuing truth in an impartial way can no longer be assumed' as of what Ron Barnett has termed the epistemological undermining' (Barnett, 1990, p. 189) of the bases of moderation. If the liberal basis of university is thus under attack, how much more so is the social principle perspective of continuing education. Yet this should be a key element of the Lifelong Learning. A defining trait of lifelong learning has to be a disquiet with and commitment to the widest possible contribution of the adult population in PCET, in order to put in to the development of a democratic, participative society and culture. This can be, and has been, articulated in a persity of liberal and socialist frameworks. However, they all have in general the a priori contention of the need for a value framework. Defining the knowledge and learning suitable to a university' is no longer the exclusive conserve of the universities themselves. Several other agencies are concerned such as government, employers, professional bodies and, not least, the students themselves. Modularity and credit systems are breaking down the old punitive empires, but this challenge is also the upshot of the ideological pressure from these exterior forces. Academic curricula and concerns require reflecting the realities of the outer world. Thus inter-disciplinary, problem or area based studies are often seen as much more pertinent than university-defined single punitive areas. In many ways, the ideological as well as cultural traditions of informal learning are thus informing the new world of prospective mass university. Adult education has always had to, and certainly wanted to, respond to student perspectives and to exterior partners. It has also had little consideration to the inflexibilities of corrective boundaries. Cultural studies, and to a degree industrial studies and regional studies, for instance, had their origins in adult education provision. Perhaps more considerably, the general trend within mass systems is to focus less upon knowledge-based, corrective expertise and rather more upon vocationally on the one hand and the development of basic skills on the other. Again, this represents partly a return to the culture of the informal learning environment and a recognition both that the university does not subsist in a social vacuum and that it no longer has, if it ever did, the control on the definition and rights of the learning process in higher education. If universities move away into defensive mode and try to keep their pre-existing structures and cultures, they could be overtaken by the larger forces of the learning society. If they adapt to and work in partnership with the new agencies of lifelong learning development then they might become centrally important agencies of change and development. Certainly, this latter path has significant political dangers, not least the probable erosion of university autonomy, and a downgrading or even desertion of critical thinking and some commitment to social purpose, as vocational and instrumental pressures raise and as credentials' threatens to destabilize liberal educational objectives. Thus, the changing pattern of employment is that effort to think of lifelong learning on a bulk stipulation basis collides with the way more and more people are in fact living out their lives. For many, portfolios of employment fit better beside a personal pick-and-mix approach to any further learning which can be undertaken rather than formal courses listed in a college prospectus (Brighouse, 2002, 53). Tension between plans for improving lifelong learning through formal institutions and the way people are now leading their lives which so far does not appear to have been taken into concern when White Papers appear for discussion as precursors to Acts of Parliament. Indeed, it is almost satirical how lifelong learning is used in the rhetoric as something which can assist sustains a rational society when much of that society is moving in the opposite direction. It is as if the increasing inpidualization of society is happening anywhere else. But it is not. It is here with us now. It is another challenge. And it is hard to see why this propensity will not grow stronger, leading to changes in society which can simply be guessed at. There could be a premium on connections between prosperous lifelong learning and a strong democracy. This is perhaps why public oratory does not get transposed in public action which is tuned to present conditions. Perhaps tackling that tension is too hot a matter for politicians to grapple with. Cynics might say that just as schooling can be construed over the years as a means of wielding a form of social control, so talking concerning lifelong learning in terms of formal provision which is under tight control by government can also be a covert and conceivably nervous way of trying to do the same things with adults. If so, then lifelong learning could make to contain some rather inopportune social time bombs. Subsequently there could be much of rediscovery. Perhaps, too, there is a simpler explanation: that for all its good purpose the government has no clear idea of what it believes lifelong learning to mean. So many phrases get bandied around. Sometimes there is the 'true purpose of learning', the approach to learning'. It would be a motivating exercise to set a test for the civil servants accountable for the use of these phrases, requiring them to eloquent clearly the meaning of each one of them and to portray the differences which those meanings are anticipated to convey. This muddled thinking could rest on what Sally Tomlinson claims concerning education change in general: There is also confusion regarding political focus and ideological purpose behind educational change. This is partially due to rhetoric that the state has given more autonomy to inpiduals while in actuality central control has tightened (Tomlinson 2001, 54). Work Cited Barnett, R. (1990) The Idea of Higher Education, Milton Keynes: SRHE and Open University Press. Brown, K. (2002) The Right to Learn: Alternatives for a Learning Society, London: RoutledgeFalmer. Osborne, P. (1995) The politics of time' cited in EAGLETON, T. (1996) The Illusions of Post-Modernism, Oxford: Blackwell. Tomlinson, S. (2001) Education in a Post Welfare Society, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Natural Disaster Hazard Assessment Essays

Natural Disaster Hazard Assessment Essays Natural Disaster Hazard Assessment Essay Natural Disaster Hazard Assessment Essay Hazard Assessment for Memphis, Tennessee Environmental Geology Hazard Assessment for Memphis, Tennessee A natural disaster is defined as any event or force of nature that has catastrophic consequences (â€Å"natural disaster†). The only reason that these events are considered to have catastrophic consequences is because people are negatively affected by these natural events. If people were not present during these events, they would not be considered catastrophic. The more people affected means the event would be considered more catastrophic. Tennessee is the 17th most populated state, with approximately 6. million residents (Infoplease. com). Within the state, Shelby county covers the most area, (755 square miles), and is also the most populated county, with approximately 927,644 people residing there (Infoplease. com). Shelby county includes the city of Memphis. Memphis is the most populated city within Tennessee with at least 645,000 residents (Infop lease. com). I have attached several maps in order to see different parts of the land. Map I shows where the county lines are located within Tennessee. You can also see where Memphis is located within the county. Map II shows the elevation levels of the state. As you can see in that map, Memphis is located within the lowest elevation levels of the state. Map III shows the rivers that run throughout the state. The main river that runs between the Tennessee, Arkansas, and Missouri borders is the Mississippi River. There are several natural disasters that I would consider to be threats to the Memphis area. One natural disaster that I would consider to be a concern to Memphis would be an earthquake. According to the United States Geological Survey, (USGS), there is an approximately six percent chance that there will be a major earthquake within 50 kilometers of Memphis in the next 50 years (Homefacts. com). The last earthquakes that had magnitudes of five were in 1976 and 1991 (Homefacts. com). The earthquake recorded in 1976 was approximately 40 miles away from Memphis. Looking at the sources found, I see that Tennessee has had its fair share of earthquakes, so I would say that another earthquake occurring in the area should be a concern of the citizens and government officials. â€Å"There is a broad agreement in the scientific community that a continuing concern exists for a major destructive earthquake in the New Madrid seismic zone. Many structures in Memphis, Tenn. and other communities in the central Mississippi River Valley region are vulnerable and at risk for severe ground shaking. † (USGS. gov). The New Madrid Earthquake of 1812 was one of the most significant events in U. S. history. Topographic changes were noted over an area of 75,000 to 130,000 square kilometers, with the total area shaken being at least five million s quare kilometers (USGS. gov). Back then, the damage was minimal because of sparse population. Nowadays, an earthquake that severe could result in â€Å"great loss of life and property damage in the billions of dollars† (Cusec. rg). The fact that Memphis is the most populated city in the state, a small earthquake could cause a significant amount of damage. â€Å"By learning about the potential earthquake hazards in your area and by taking certain preparedness measures now, you can increase your chances of surviving an earthquake and minimize its dangerous and damaging impacts† (Cusec. org). There are many organizations that Memphis has in order to help citizens learn how to prepare for these catastrophic events, and what to do in order to survive. One organization is the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (R. A. C. E. S. ), which is a volunteer communications group that assists the Shelby county area. R. A. C. E. S. provides emergency personnel that can help with communications during local, regional, or national emergency/disaster events (Cityofmemphis. org). Another organization that provides help during emergency situations is the Memphis/Shelby County Emergency Management Agency (EMA). The EMA helps local, state, and federal agencies with response to disasters that requires a multi-agency/multi-jurisdictional response. The EMA has satellite links with the National Weather Service that activates sirens in order to warn the residents of multiple cities, including Memphis (Cityofmemphis. org). There are also things that the citizens and homeowners could do in order to minimize the damage during earthquake. Earthquake drills are a great way to help enforce the importance of preparedness, and to prevent panic and injury during an earthquake. Families should have emergency plans that lay out where everyone is going to be and where to reunite with one another. Keep a flashlight and a batterypowered radio in the home. Place large or heavy objects on lower shelves, and fasten the shelves to walls. And lastly, have a seven to ten day supply of food and water (Cusec. org). You can never be too prepared for any natural disaster, so being safe is better than being sorry. Not all natural disasters are threats to Memphis. Volcanoes are an example of a natural disaster that is not a threat to the Memphis area. There are no known volcanoes in the area that would cause any kind of harm to the residents of Memphis. Historically, there have not been any known volcanoes in the area either. Memphis is not located on any fault boundaries, so I would think that there would no volcanoes forming in the area any time in the near future. Hurricanes are a little more of a concern for Memphis. The western area of the state has the possibility of being affected by the end of certain storms. Hurricane Katrina is an example of this situation in which Memphis can be affected by storms not necessarily in the direct area. When Hurricane Katrina hit the U. S. in 2005, multiple counties in Tennessee were evacuated; Shelby County was one of those counties (Fema. gov). I would consider Memphis to be slightly concern about hurricanes occurring in the area, especially since the city is located at a low elevation. The lower elevation would be more susceptible to flooding. The government should have adequate warning of the hurricane, since it would most likely be coming from the Gulf of Mexico. I would also expect that the citizens would be prepared for hurricanes, since they are used to flooding situations. Tornadoes, I feel, are more of a concern than hurricanes. There are many more tornadoes in the middle of the state then there are on the outskirts. Tornadoes are more likely to strike open plains rather than in an urban area, like Memphis. â€Å"The reality is, very few tornadoes ever touch down in the city of Memphis†¦.. Nevertheless, tornadoes can and have struck within the city† (About. com). There have been numerous tornadoes that have affected Shelby county, but not nearly as many as the middle of the state. The last one that affected Shelby County, and had a high death count was in 1987, with at least 120 deaths (NWS Memphis Forecast Area Tornado Database). There have since been tornadoes that have caused deaths, hich is not surprising considering the amount of people that live in the city. With all the tornadoes that have gone through the county, there has always been a significant amount of damage. That also is understandable since there are a lot of buildings in the city. There have also been plenty of tornado warnings for the state, but not all of them affecting Shelby County. The last tornado warning that included Shelby County was on May 9, 2011. In order to be prepared for a tornado, there are several things we could do. First of all, avoid windows and seek shelter in the center-most room on the lowest floor possible. Use your hands and arms to protect yourself from falling debris. Also, keep some sort of identification on you at all times in case you are hurt or disoriented (About. com). Keeping identification on you is a good idea for every natural disaster. It will help emergency personnel identify who you are and hopefully get you back with your family. Tsunamis are another type of natural disaster that is not a concern for Memphis. There have been no known tsunamis recorded for Memphis. I do not think that there will be any future tsunamis in Memphis because there is no ocean or large body of water located near Memphis. The Mississippi River is near Memphis, but the river does not create waves that would be large enough to create a seismic wave. Even though tsunamis are not a threat to the city, flooding is a huge concern for the city. The Mississippi River is right near the city, so that would be a reason as to why the area floods frequently. The city is also at a low elevation, which is another reason as to why the area floods frequently. There is currently an active flood warning in effective right now (Fema. gov). Last year, there was flood that occurred in the beginning of May. The Mississippi River was supposed to rise to a record level of 48 feet, with 48. 7 being the record crest in 1937. More than 1,300 homes were ordered to evacuate and nearly 400 people were living in shelters. According to an article on abcnews. com, the most extensive damage occurred in Memphis, where â€Å"entire neighborhoods have been swallowed by the water and vehicles completely submerged† (Tanglao, â€Å"Memphis Flooding†). Since this obviously happens frequently, the citizens and government have ideas of what the levees can hold, and what the river’s maximum water level is. To prepare for flooding situations, there are certain things the government should tell their residents in order to make sure they are safe. They must send out warnings letting people know when and if the water level is high enough to go over the lands limits. In Memphis, the government should be able to accurately know when and if the Mississippi River has reached its maximum, and if people should evacuate their homes. As a resident, you should also be aware of what is going on in your community and know about the town’s emergency plans. You should also have sump pumps with back-up power in order to prevent contamination of the flooded water. Turn off all utilities at the main power switch in order to prevent electrocution. Fill bathtubs, sinks, and soda bottles with clean water, so you have water to drink that is not contaminated. You should also have water bottles and a food supply that will last a couple of days (Bt. cdc. gov). On the opposite end of the spectrum, wildfires are another example of a non-threat to Memphis. There are no forests in Memphis because it is a highly urban area with lots of people and buildings. The last wildfire reported in Memphis was in 1952, when there was a serious drought (Tnema. org). Even though there was that wildfire many years ago, I do not think that there is a serious threat to Memphis for another wildfire. Lastly, I also think that there is not a threat for extreme winter conditions to occur in Memphis. The last warning for some sort of winter conditions for Shelby County was in February 1992 (Fema. gov). Even though that was not too long ago, I still feel like there is not a huge concern for extreme winter conditions to occur any time soon again. Since Memphis is further south, they do not really get harsh winters like we do here in Pennsylvania. Memphis Tennessee has its fair share of natural disasters. They have to be concerned about earthquakes, floods, and tornadoes the most, while extreme winter conditions, volcanoes, and tsunamis the least concerned about. Every place on the Earth has to be concerned with natural disasters. Humans make the disasters a lot worse than they actually are, but there is nobody else to blame but ourselves. We get in the way of nature, and have to pay the consequences some way or another. Map I Map II Map III Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Natural Disasters Severe Weather. Web. 12 April 2012. Central United States Earthquake Consortium. Earthquake Safety. Web. 12 April 2012. City of Memphis. Emergency Management Agency. 2003-2011. Web. 12 April 2012. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Tennessee Disaster History. 26 March 2012. Web. 12 April 2012. â€Å"Memphis Earthquake Information. † Homefacts. com. 2012. Web. 12 April 2012. â€Å"Natural Disaster. † Dictionary. com. Web. NWS Memphis Forecast Area Tornado Database. Web. 12 April 2012. Tanglao, Leezel. Memphis Flooding: Mississippi River Nears Record Highs. † AbcNews. com. 9 May 2011. Web. 12 April 2012. â€Å"Tennessee. † Information Please Database. Pearson Education, 2011. Web. 12 April 2012. Tennessee Emergency Management Agency. Wildfire. Web. 12 April 2012. â€Å"Tornadoes in Memphis: What to expect and how to stay safe. † About. com. The New York Times Company, 4 Ap ril 2011. Web. 12 April 2012. United States Geological Survey. Earthquake Hazard in the New Madrid Seismic Zone Remains a Concern. 3 August 2009. Web. 12 April 2012. United States Geological Survey. Tennessee: Earthquake History. 21 October 2009. Web. 12 April 2012.

Poetry Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Poetry Review - Essay Example The language used moves in a melodious iambic meter, both lulling us to drift with the speaker and awakening us to the paces of life. The first stanza uses repetition and alliteration to help soothe us into the quiet world of the hospital ward even as the tulips are seen to be a rude interruption into this world. Repeated whispers keep the tone quiet: â€Å"how white †¦ how quiet, how snowed-in† (2) and the soothing sound of the ‘th’ letter combination continue in â€Å"this bed, these hands† (4). The speaker is â€Å"learning† and â€Å"lying† (3), the â€Å"light lies† on â€Å"white walls† (Dickie, 1979), giving us a pattern of movement that is rocking on rhythm. As she wakes up, though, focus on the bright red of the tulips forces a quickening pace that is also reflected in the language. Things are â€Å"coming and going† (51), â€Å"the air snags and eddies† (54) and the tulips â€Å"concentrate my attention† (55). The tulips are filling the air â€Å"like a loud noise† (52). It is mostly due to this quickening pace toward life leading into the end of the poem that we are led to believe the poem is an affirmation of life, even though the tone remains as emotionless and detached as it first began. In â€Å"The Fish,† Elizabeth Bishop describes the perfect catch of a venerable old fish as she observes him hanging from her line. The fish hasn’t fought at all to prevent being reeled in and his skin hangs in strips â€Å"like ancient wallpaper† (11), the pattern reminding her of â€Å"full-blown roses / stained and lost through age† (14-15). These images conjure up thoughts of the family home, old and empty now that the children are grown and gone, maintenance no longer a priority in this advanced age. The fish is coated with barnacles, lime and sea-lice, with strings of seaweed attached to his underside. Through this

The Cherokee People Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Cherokee People - Research Paper Example Although a great deal of emphasis has been placed upon the interaction between Europeans and Native Americans, the reality of the fact is that rather than approaching this issue from the split standpoint of understanding that two separate entities existed at each and every juncture, a far more effective means of interpretation has to do with the melding of culture and the means through which unique dynamics in the Cherokee experience came to be evidenced as a result of the process of acculturation. Firstly, it must be understood that the geographic representation of the Cherokee people was mainly concentric within the now modern states of Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Tennessee. As a function of this level of geographic representation, the Cherokee people have oftentimes been referred to as those who lived in the mountains by contemporary Indian tribes. Interestingly, whereas many other Native American tribes were defined as nomadic, the Cherokee people could be define d as â€Å"semi-nomadic† (Emerald, 2012, p. 44). This is due primarily to the fact that individual branches of the tribe tended to inhabit specific regions, and cultivate crops. These crops included but were not limited to squash, beans, sunflowers, and different types of corn. So great was the emphasis upon agriculture that the Cherokee put forward that the introduction of a specific hybrid of corn was developed as a result of their agricultural endeavors. To specific theories exist with regards to the ultimate origin of the Cherokee tribe. Due to the fact that the Cherokees native-language was determined by linguists and anthropologists as uniquely Iroquoian, the most prominent theory suggests that the Cherokee tribe migrated from the Great Lakes region approximately 500 to 700 years prior to first contact with the Europeans (Chambers, 2013, p. 26). The ultimate purpose for this migration is little known; however, myths and legends exist with regards to the fact that other Iroquois nations banished this particular group of individuals from the Great Lakes regions. The subsequent removal and forced exodus led this tribe to inhabit a region that few other native peoples wanted; namely the Appalachian mountain range. A secondary theory that exists with regards the origin of the Cherokee people posits the belief that this particular tribe of Native Americans was an offshoot of the mound building Native Americans that inhabited parts of Mississippi. However, further ethnological and anthropological work, as well as a great deal of archaeological analysis has revealed the fact that this particular theory does not have a high level of evidence to support it. Moreover, the secondary theory promotes an understanding that the Cherokee people had been living within the region of the southeastern states for a period of over 1000 years; a fact that no direct archaeological evidence that is thus far been uncovered and/or analyzed denotes (Blackburn, 2013, p. 16). T he first contact with Europeans was with an expedition led by Hernando De Soto. As such, like so many of the contacts initially made with Europeans, relations were friendly and ultimately somewhat profitable to both sides (Greg & Wishart, 2012, p. 11). The Native Americans received traded goods in exchange for raw material, guidance, and

Research question and case study Annotated Bibliography

Research question and case study - Annotated Bibliography Example This loss of demand for the products traded in by the retail company happens to render large amounts of impact on the productivity and revenue patterns of the concern. Thus the retail companies to sustain their enhanced market share and profitability in the global market must strongly work to reduce the amount of lead times involved. Retail companies that mainly focus on the trading of fashionable garments and merchandises along with toys and technological products generally tend to suffer from the pitfalls of an ineffective supply chain system. Increasing lead times in the supply chain systems of such retail concerns leads to the unavailability of the right merchandise at the right season or time thereby contributing to loss of sales. It is therefore required for the retail organizations to arrange for the merchandises specifically during the peak seasons to meet customer satisfaction and thereby gain in sale revenues. Again the increase in the lead times for such retail companies a lso amounts to piling up of unused or unsold merchandises in retail warehouses that in turn locks a considerable amount of working capital for the concern (Bakal and Geunes, 2010, p.2395-2396). The paper relating to the above fact tends to focus on cases where the retail business organizations have taken resort to technological and process innovations to help in reducing the amount of lead time involved. Fashion retail companies like Zara belonging to the Inditex group are found to take resort to process innovations in its retail operations to contribute in the reduction of lead times. The retail company is observed to suffer from the loss of sales owing to the emergence of assorted sizes pertaining to garments in their different stores. In that the fashion retail company required the store managers of different operating stores to render individual

Assessment Of Mrs Baker Nursing Essay

Assessment Of Mrs Baker Nursing Essay Upon admitting Mrs. Baker to the ER assist her into a gown. While assisting into the gown notice any skin issues, such as injury from the fall, or irritation from possible prior falls or injuries. Elderly people often have issues such as dehydration, of which the signs may be skin tenting, poor turgor, and red areas from pressure, ask about fluid intake and record capillary refill. Mrs. Baker, as a known diabetic, could have unhealed sores or ulcerations and signs of neuropathy, ask about any numbness or tingling. Assisting the patient into a gown may also determine if there are bladder and bowel continence issues. While assisting to gown use the opportunity to question the patient about what, in her opinion, happened. While asking about the incident, ask if there have been periods of light headedness or dizziness, apply a cardiac monitor and pulse oximeter, for observation. Ask the patient if there are any areas that hurt, or if there is any pain even unassociated with the fall. Whi le questioning the patient about what happened and the patients theory of why, evaluate speech pattern and level of orientation, the patients awareness of time and cognitive ability may be assessed at this time. Determine if the patient can provide an accurate account of the fall and what preceded the fall. While assessing the patient, it is essential to look at each system and watch for nonverbal signs of pain. Observe the patient, for signs of confusion and check for pupil response to light. Auscultating lung sounds, listen for adventitious sounds such as rhonchi, rales, or wheezes. Listen to determine if lung sounds are present in all lung fields. Auscultate heart sounds, listen for irregularities, is there a murmur noted. Evaluate cardiac monitor for arrhythmias. Question the patient about any chest pain, tightness, or heaviness. Palpate peripheral pulses, note if they are equal, note the quality if they are thread /bounding, and are pulses even on each side. Obtain vital signs such as blood pressure, orthostatic if possible as this is common with HCTZ and Lisinopril; maintain a 30 minute check on blood pressure readings, note rate and quality of respiratory effort along with oxygen readings. Ask again if the patient has any pain as pain may increase readings in blood pressure, respiratory rate, and pulse. The elderly are sometimes reluctant to report pain, thinking it is all part of the aging process and accepts it as a part of life. Many may not report physical discomfort due to the fear that they may lose independence or the risk of being viewed as a burden. Anxiety may also raise vital sign readings; attempt to explain all procedures to the patient. This not only contributes to trust from the patient, but also reduces some of the fear from the unknown. Listen to bowel sounds, indicate the presence of or lack of in all quadrants. Ask the patient about bowel pattern if possible when the last bowel movement was, palpate for any sign of tenderness or guard ing. Examine the face, hands, and feet for edema. While checking the lower extremities for edema, indicate the quality of pulses in the legs. Pay attention to color and texture of the skin in the legs and feet, note any sores or red areas, note capillary refill. Pay attention to the temperature of the legs as lower extremities blood clots is common. Again, it is necessary to explain the examination to the patient in order to reduce anxiety and to reassure the patient. If the patient is able, ask about medications and when was the last time they were taken. Ask about the time the last meal was eaten. Once the initial assessment is completed, explain to the patient that there will be some tests to assist in determining the medical problems at present. It is advisable to ask if the patient has questions for the nurse; this may aid in preventing any misunderstandings. Technological tools, uses, and benefits Some of the tools frequently used in the assessment, of any patient, start with auscultation and palpation. Listening to the patients verbal response is an advantage to the assessment; however, listening to the heart, lungs, and abdomen is required. To begin, start an IV site and obtain the needed blood for testing, this may prevent a delay in treatment. Be aware of the length of time the tourniquet is applied to the patient, quality of the lab draw is also a factor in the values obtained. After obtaining the blood work, begin a physical assessment. Listening to heart sounds may provide information about various cardiac problems such as a heart murmur; deviation in heart sounds may indicate a cardiac condition. Lung sounds may determine if there are pulmonary issues such as bronchitis, pneumonia, or pulmonary edema. Listening and palpation of the abdomen may indicate irregularities in the gut, such as an obstruction or potential aneurysm. Asking about pain or tightness in the chest m ay also indicate a possible cardiac condition. Ask about any history of chest pain or tightness. Noting the rate and respiratory effort, along with a continuous pulse oximeter, assist in determining pulmonary problems. Ask if there have been any problems with shortness of breath. Blood pressure readings, especially orthostatic in a falls patient may lead to indications leading to the fall. Along with the possible reason for the fall, this may also assist in the determination of medication misuse. The elderly may sometimes forget they have taken their medication and repeat the dosage. Obtaining a blood glucose level may also determine if the fall is related to hypoglycemia. Knowing or having an idea of when the last meal was eaten, and when the medications were taken, also assist in determining possible reasons for the fall. Having knowledge of the estimated fluid intake may also be useful as a tool in the analysis of causative agents. Dehydration in the elderly can cause confusion a nd light headedness. The continuous cardiac, oxygen, and blood pressure readings are necessary to watch for sudden changes that may occur. Cardiac monitors assist in determining if there are irregularities in the electrical conduction, in the heart, early detection and treatment may prevent further complications. Oxygen readings assist in determining the amount of capillary oxygen and profusion difficulty; this may indicate the need for supplemental oxygen before further decompensation. Frequent checks in blood pressure may be the first sign of sepsis in an elderly person. Other testing and tools used is a chest X-ray, viewing a chest X-ray aids in determining pulmonary issues not noted during the physical examine treatment for pulmonary issues can quickly be obtained. A CT scan of the brain, without contrast, may be used to rule out a brain bleed. A CT scan of the lungs, without contrast, will assess for possible pulmonary embolus. To use contrast, the results of the renal function are needed. Blood testing is critical in determining the bodily functions. Obtaining a complete blood count tells the general hydration, amount of volume and signs of infection with an elevated white blood count, hypervolemia can be promptly corrected; low red blood count indicates the lack of oxygen carrying capacity and may require a transfusion. A complete metabolic profile lends details of renal and hepatic function, as well as levels for key electrolytes such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, and glucose, this also aids in monitoring for metabolic acidosis or alkalosis. With lisinopril, it is common to see an elevation in bun, creatinine, and lowering of glucose levels. HCTZ is known for lowering the potassium, sodium, and magnesium levels. The combination of HCTZ and lisinopril are known to cause dizziness, and palpations and should be monitored closely especially in people with renal impairment and /or of advanced age. Cardiac enzymes are drawn to evaluate the cardiac muscle, to determine if there are cardiac issues. Arterial blood gases assist in determining the pulmonary system function, this also aids in determining respiratory acidosis or alkalosis. Another lab test highly beneficial is a urinalysis with culture and sensitivity. When there is a urinary infection in an elderly person, it may cause dizziness and confusion. The culture helps to determine the proper medication for the organism responsible for the infection. The urine tests also indicate if there are ketones or proteins being spilled in the urine; this is a frequent problem in diabetic patients. Obtaining a twelve lead EKG aids in determining any irregularities in the cardiac conduction, such as heart blocks and ventricular ectopy that are often seen as a result of low potassium. Blood cultures may also be required to determine if there is an infection. Frequently an opportunistic infection may lead to sepsis, and the elderly often do not present that ill until the infection is severe. T he elderly may not always present with an elevated temperature; this cannot be the only sign of illness. All the testing and the physical analysis will help to determine potential health issues, but the best source of information is to monitor the patient. Being aware of changes in the patient status and comfort level is required. Continuous visual monitoring may assist in treating sudden changes in the patient. Frequent questions pertaining to the comfort level are required in the elderly as they may be reluctant to admit pain. Explain that pain, of any level, can be addressed, and that comfort may assist in the treatment. Data collection prioritization It is essential to prioritize the data collection and report findings to the physician. The application of monitoring devices, such as a cardiac monitor, blood pressure machines, and pulse oximeter, may be done as the patient is being gowned. Visual inspection of the skin may also be done at this time. While gowning the patient, asking about medications and history may also be accomplished. Starting the IV site and obtaining blood work will get information to the physician quickly and should be done as soon as possible. Collect a finger stick for blood glucose, as this may determine if the patient is hypoglycemic. The EKG and ABGs are also critical information needed as soon as possible. A chest X-ray may be done next, along with a CT scan of the brain and lungs, without contrast. Collection of the urine for testing can be collected after the other departments have finished what needs to be done. As the patient is on a continuous monitor for cardiac, respiratory, and blood pressure i t is easy to monitor for changes. It is now appropriate to complete the physical assessment of the patient. This saves time while awaiting the results from lab, x-ray, and cardiopulmonary departments. Report any irregularity in the assessment to the doctor as soon as possible. While obtaining information from the patient, it is necessary to ask about pain and monitor for nonverbal cues during the assessment. Morphine, low dose (0.05mg/kg IV) for pain may be appropriate at this time as it decreases the oxygen demand from the heart and may reduce anxiety. Tylenol may not be the medication of choice until liver function is established. Advise the physician that the patient has been taking HCTZ, Lisinopril, and metformin. The combination of HCTZ and Lisinopril may cause dizziness and dehydration. Lisinopril also aids in lowering blood glucose levels, and should be monitored closely especially in people with renal impairment and/or of advanced age. This combination may also cause palpati ons and dizziness. HCTZ can cause electrolyte imbalances leading to alkalosis. The patient may also be experiencing a drug hypersensitivity to the lisinopril. Signs would include dyspnea, chest tightness, and arterial acidosis, requiring intubation (Hydrochlorothiazide and Lisinopril side effects, Drugs.com). If the patient was medicated for pain, check for relief of symptoms. Verbal affirmation should be listed on a scale of 1-10 according to the flacc scale. If the patient has pain relief, note this with the physician. Monitor for lab results and report any findings outside the normal range, the same with EKG, ABGs, x-ray, and CT scan. Monitor the patient for changes in mentation, and visible signs of changes. The elderly may have sudden changes; it is advisable to monitor closely. With continuous monitoring, and noting the change in status of Mrs. Baker, there would be more aggressive measures taken. A rapid response from respiratory therapy would be needed, and a request for the attending physician, for the mental status and respiratory changes and the possible need for increased measures such as intubation. A repeat of ABGs would be needed; STAT results are indicated. Radiology should be available for potential tube placement. All team members should be alerted for the possibility of a code blue alert. The staff needs to be monitoring the cardiac status at all times. With respiratory arrest, cardiac is soon to follow. Rapid response to changes in respiratory status can prevent further complications. Constant monitoring of the flacc scale may assist in monitoring the patients comfort level. A patient may show signs of discomfort by moaning, thrashing about, or facial grimace. Being aware of this may aid in the quality of patient care. The patient may not be a ble to tell that they hurt, but body language speaks volumes. If the patient is indicating that they are in pain, morphine at a low dose may be used (0.05mg /kg IV). Considering the slower metabolism of the elderly, it is necessary to medicate accordingly. This not only aids in pain relief, but also lowers the oxygen demand by the heart. Close observation of the patient is mandatory. If the medication is effective the signs observed will diminish and the patient will appear more relaxed, with little or no signs of pain (possible lower BP and heart rate, no facial grimace, more relaxed, less restlessness). The alert patient can verbalize the effectiveness of pain medications, with an unresponsive person we must rely on physical cues that are presented. Again, it is important to report pain relief to the physician and continue to watch for changes in the patient. Rapid evaluation and assessment, accurate data, and concise information are imperative to patient care. When assessing the elderly it is necessary to remember that due to the aging process, metabolism of medications may be slowed. With advanced age, there is also a reduction in renal and hepatic filtering. The elderly may also be reluctant to report pain. When caring for the elderly, it is necessary to keep their viewpoint in mind, and to explain procedures prior to the procedure. A reduction in anxiety may assist in a trusting relationship and aid in lowering blood pressure and heart rate. It is also helpful to remember that changes can occur rapidly with the elderly and that they may not always present as with a younger person. Keep an open mind and alert at all times.

Samuel Slater :: essays research papers

Description Son of a yeoman farmer, Samuel Slater was born in Belper, Derbyshire, England on June 9, 1768. He become involved in the textile industry at the age of 14 when he was apprenticed to Jedediah Strutt, a partner of Richard Arkwright and the owner of one of the first cotton mills in Belper. Slater worked for Strutt for eight years and rose to become superintendent of Strutt's mill. It was in this capacity that he gained a comprehensive understanding of Arkwright's machines. Believing that textile industry in England had reached its peak; Slater immigrated secretly to America in 1789 in hopes of making his fortune in America's infant textile industry. While others with textile manufacturing experience had emigrated before him, Slater was the first who knew how to build as well as operate textile machines. Slater, with funding from Providence investors and assistance from skilled local artisans, built the first successful water powered textile mill in Pawtucket in 1793. By the time other firms entered the industry, Slater's organizational methods had become the model for his successors in the Blackstone River Valley. Later known as the Rhode Island System, it began when Slater enlisted entire families, including children, to work in his mills. These families often lived in company owned housing located near the mills, shopped at the company stores and attended company schools and churches. While not big enough to support the large mills which became common in Massachusetts, the Blackstone River's steep drop and numerous falls provided ideal conditions for the development of small, rural textile mills around which mill villages developed. One of the earliest of these mill villages was Slatersville. Located on the Branch River in present day North Smithfield, Rhode Island, Slatersville was built by Samuel Slater and his brother John in 1803. By 1807, the village included the Slatersville Mill, the largest and most modern industrial building of its day, and two tenement houses for workers, the owner's house and the company store. In the early twentieth century, industrialist and preservationist Henry P. Kendall took a personal interest in the village and initiated many of the improvement projects, which give the village its traditional New England Charm. Impact The system of child labor in Rhode Island mills began with Rhode Island's first textile mill - the Slater Mill. Samuel Slater's first employees were all children from seven to twelve years of age.

Feminism in Literature Essay

Feminism has gradually become more far-ranging and subtle in its attacks on male-dominated society. Many injustices still need to be corrected, but equally necessary is a more down-to-earth, tolerant and compassionate view of fellow human beings. Introduction Many feminists dislike theory. Sharp intellectual categories, argumentation, seeming objectivity, and the whole tradition they grow out of are just what feminists are seeking to escape. And if their reasoning seems unsystematic they can draw support from the psychoanalysis of Lacan and Julia Kristeva, fromDerrida’s deconstruction, and from Rorty’s view that philosophy should model itself on an edifying conversation seeking rapprochement rather than no-holds-barred gladiatorial combat. Androgynist Poetics Critics, being generally male, had not generally concerned themselves with gender issues. Most of the world’s great literature had been written by men. Sappho, Austen, the Brontes and Emily Dickinson apart, it was difficult to think women really had it in them to write at the highest level. Literature was literature, and critics saw no need to distinguish a specifically feminine way of writing or responding to a text. Virginia Woolf was herself a refutation of that thesis, though her mental breakdown was perhaps brought on by the strain of balancing male self-realization with female abnegation. But in her essay Professions for Women, Woolf complained only that women’s social obligations hindered a writing career. Their lives gave them a different perspective, but women were not fundamentally different from men in their psychological needs and outlooks. Gynocriticism The gathering feminist movement very much disagreed, and argued that women’s writing expressed a distinctive female consciousness, which was more discursive and conjunctive than its male counterpart. Such consciousness was radically different, and had been adversely treated. Simone de Beauvoir in The Second Sex documented the ways â€Å"Legislators, priests, philosophers, writers and scientists have striven to show that the subordinate position of women is willed in heaven and advantageous on earth. † Women had been made to feel that they were inferior by nature and, though men paid lip-service to equality, they would resist its implementation. Some men might be sympathetic to women’s issues, but only women themselves knew what they felt and wanted. And perhaps they always knew. The essays collected in Susan Cornillon’s 1972 anthology Images of Women in Fiction all suggested that nineteenth and twentieth century fiction was simply untrue to women’s experience. Rather than search for the essentially feminine, critics now turned to the social context of women’s writing, to the ways a male-orientated society had formed or deformed individual novels, plays and poems written by women. Adventure and romance, whoever written for, seemed to stress the male competitive element, and even the submissive partner of gay literature only imitated the female stereotype. Not all agreed, of course. Norman Mailer’s The Prisoner of Sex: disliked the blanket criticism of Kate Millet’s Sexual Politics, arguing its examples were too selective chosen. Gynesis Nonetheless, by the early eighties, feminists had advanced to a much more confrontational attack on male hegemony, advocating a complete overthrow of the biased (male) canon of literature. French feminists argued that women should write with a greater consciousness of their bodies, which would create a more honest and appropriate style of openness, fragmentation and non-linearity. Parallel studies in the visual arts stressed a feminine sensibility of soft fluid colours, an emphasis on the personal and decorative, and on forms that evoked the female genitalia. And the problem lay deeper still, in the language itself. Words had been coined to express a male point of view, and that was indeed misogynist. Some 220 words exist in English for the sexually promiscuous woman, but only 22 for promiscuous men. And in the sexual matters that really concerned them, the vocabulary was hopelessly restricted. Discourse was power, said Foucault, and psychoanalysts likeLacan and Kristeva stressed the liberating role that literature should play, particularly to allow the semiotic flux of the unconscious in early childhood, i. e. before the symbolic world of public discourse imposed its male-favouring rules. Poets worked on the boundaries of the two realms, and Kristeva urged them to engender political and feminist revolutions by dissolving the conventions of normal discourse. Gender Theory Five years later the debate had moved on, from exclusively feminine concerns to the wider issues of gender in social and cultural contexts. Patriarchy and capitalism should be examined more closely, perhaps as Althusser had attempted, and sophisticated models built to integrate the larger web of economics, education, division of labour, biological constraints and cultural assumptions. Michele Barrett demanded facts, research. How does gender stereotyping arise in various social contexts? How are the canons of literary excellence actually established? What is the practical effect on literature? Shouldn’t we remember that attitudes are struck within a fictional framework, and can’t be simply pulled out and convicted by a kangaroo court of feminist morals? Critique Literature will often reflect the cultural assumptions and attitudes of its period, and that of course includes attitudes towards women: their status, their roles, their expectations. But a literature doctored of male-orientated views would be failing in its first requirement, to present a realistic or convincing picture of the world. Moralizing, which includes political correctness, has its dangers. Feminists have argued for positive discrimination as the only way to correct centuries of bias. Nonetheless, the consensus emerging among black Americans is that positive discrimination is counter-productive. Disadvantaged minorities desperately need the odds levelled, but not patronizingly tilted in their favour. Psychoanalysis has little scientific standing, and Lacanian theory is further disputed within the psychoanalytical community itself. Feminism does itself few favours by relying on these supports. A more damaging criticism is the concept of the feminine itself. Does it really exist? There are very real differences in the psychological make-up between the sexes, but testing also indicates what anthropologists have long accepted: the expression of those differences is more determined by cultural factors than sexuality per se. Feminists who argue for a more understanding, fluid, and delicate attitude are not so much advocating qualities native to women but for attitudes still repressed by society. That in turn suggests society itself needs exploring rather than sex differences per se, which is indeed a view more recognized in contemporary feminist studies. Feminist Literature Feminist literature, as the name suggests, is based on the principles of feminism, and refers to any literary work that centers around the struggle of a woman for equality, and to be accepted as a human being, before being cast into a gender stereotype. Not all these works follow a direct approach towards this goal of equality. It is only through such media that women believed a change was possible in the way they were perceived in society. Not all feminist literature has been written by women, but also by men who understood women beyond the roles they were expected to fit into, and delved into their psyche to understand their needs and desires. Some works may be fictional, while others may be non fictional. Here, we take a look into the characteristics of feminist literature, and give you a list of some of the many works of feminist literature, that make for a good read if you truly desire to learn extensively about this form of writing and what it stood for. Characteristics of Feminist Literature Feminist literature is identified by the many characteristics of the feminist movement. This will help you understand exactly what is feminist literature. Authors of feminist literature are known to understand and explain the difference between sex and gender. They believe that though a person’s sex is predetermined and natural, it is the gender that has been created by society, along with a particular perception about gender roles. Gender roles, they believe, can be altered over time. The predominance of one gender over the other, is a common concept across almost all societies, and the fact that it is not in favor of women is an underlying, yet blatant, characteristic of feminist or women’s literature. Here, it is argued that any society that does not provide channels of learning and knowledge to both genders equally is not a complete and impartial society. Critics argue that there wasn’t much difference between male and female authors, and that there was no need to identify a separate class of literature termed as feminist or look for traces of feminism in literature. However, if you read any such work, you will realize how such writers criticized society’s andocentric (male-centered) approach, and tried to understand the beliefs and needs of the opposite sex with a subjective, and not an objective, approach. Take for example Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice. The protagonist, Elizabeth Bennett was a woman of her mind. Despite the societal pressure (put on her by her mother) to choose a partner, and to lead a life that was decided for all women, she decided to choose her own path towards what she wanted. And none of this was blatantly approached. She did not put an outward fight, in order to choose her life course. The entire piece of work is subtle, and the only clear characteristic of the protagonist you will notice is her assertiveness. And that is one clear characteristic of the feminist approach toward literature. Women in literature of the feminist nature are always featured as the protagonist, who, more often than not, do not readily accept the traditional role of women as decided by society. They are ready to make their own decisions, to express this choice of personal decision-making, and are ready to deal with the consequences of these choices, actions, and decisions. Though a daughter, a mother, a sister, or a wife, any piece of feminist literature first deals with a woman as a woman. It is not these relationships, roles, or stereotypes that give these female characters in literature their identity. Their identity is defined by their choices and their beliefs which are then associated with these roles. It is important to note, that, not all works of feminist literature have happy endings, both for the character, and for the author of the work. Women have been ostracized by society for openly demanding equality, and have had to face several negative consequences of their decision to go against the waves. Not only feminist literature, women have been treated as important subjects even in many literary works by men. For instance, Henrik Ibsen, a Norwegian author and playwright, often focused on women, women’s issues, their troubles faced by society, and the decisions they made based on their personal values and beliefs. If you take a look at the play called ‘A Doll’s House’, by this very same author, you will clearly notice the strength and character of the protagonist. Not all, but some pieces of feminist literature (particularly non-fiction) showcase and stress on women’s suffrage and a demand for equality in society, for political, social, and economic rights. In modern feminist literature, the attack on a male-dominated society became more forthright and straightforward, where women demanded a closer look into the patriarchal and capitalistic approach towards feminism.

Earth-Like Planet Discovered essays

Earth-Like Planet Discovered essays Earth-Like Planet Discovered 50 Light Years Away European astronomers have discovered a planet less than 50 light years away. This planet has come to be known as a sort of super Earth. It takes only ten Earth days to orbit its sun (much like our own) and the surface of the planet is scorched by the close proximity to the sun. The discovery of this planet has lead us to discover two more planets in that solar system made much like our own. Many astronomers not connected to the finding of this planet have begun to make statements of the great data that it has brought to not only them but to the world itself. This is the first planet close to the relative size of Earth found orbiting a live star. It is 14 times the size (close to that of Uranus) but is still rocky. Much controversy over the issue of the physical make-up of the planet is being discussed by astronomers world-wide. While the full reaches of life are unknown, life as we know it could not exist on a planet this close to a star. The discovery of super Earth really does fascinate me. With the possibility of other rocky planets out there it seems as though it is very possible for another intelligent species of creature to exist somewhere in the universe if not our own galaxy. If not intelligent then at least living creatures on a planet other than Earth would stir some extreme amounts of push for science and math to be taught in the United States again. We lost the edge of education in these two areas when we beat the Russians to the moon. If we were to discover another planet that was harboring life we would begin to race to see who could study them better and faster. The composition of the planet would want to be found as well. Any planet that can harbor life in whatever conditions would be very helpful to look at and understand much better. There is possibility of the human race becoming to large for the planet it is on. In such a case i ...

Supreme court documents essays

Supreme court documents essays United States v. Butler ( 1933 ) This Court case belongs in the Freedom of Speech category. This case is about a person named Butler who wanted to declare the Agricultural Adjustment Act unconstitutional. This is because of the fact that the government back in the 1920s did not do much for the farmers. The Agricultural Adjustment Act was that farmers were being taxed and that tax would go to other farmers to reimburse them to not to grow food. The reason it was brought to court was because Butler refused to pay the tax and the Supreme Court agreed with Butler. The law was then passed legally that farmers taxes would go into a general fund and from the fund would go to other farmers to not to grow food. This court case belongs to the Freedom of Speech category. Eugene Dennis was a communist party leader in the U.S. This case states that Dennis was arrested for violating the Smith Act. The Smith Act prohibits arguing in any manner to overthrow the government of the U.S. Dennis stated that the Smith Act violated his first amendment right to Free Speech. The Supreme Court Found that the Smith act did not violate Denniss Freedom of speech. Even though Free Speech is a guaranteed right it is not unlimited. This right can be overthrown if it prevents danger to the national security of the U.S. This court case belongs to the Freedom of Speech category. This case is about 14 people Arrested for violating the Smiths Act by being members of the communist party in California. The people argued that theyre Freedom of Speech right was taken away from them. The Supreme Court stated that in order for the Smiths Act to be violated people must actively be involved in something rather than just believing in something. The Supreme Court came to a conclusion that the Smith Act did not prohibit "advocacy of forcible overthrow of the government as an abstract doctrine." This court case belongs to the Freed...

Older staff often come with more life experience and a willingness to Essay

Older staff often come with more life experience and a willingness to work - Essay Example â€Å"If employers don’t act soon, they will fail to win the war for talent, as older adults will be relied upon as one of the most important sources of talent for the future workforce (Jan 2007). The global survey, which included 28,000 employers across 25 countries and territories, found employers in the UK are far ahead of their international counterparts, with higher percentage of respondents, respectively, working proactively to retain their older employees. But in Italy and Spain, only 6% have such strategies in place. In 19 of the 25 countries, retention strategies were more predominant than recruiting strategies for older workers. This may be because many of these countries have government legislation or programs in place to encourage employers to retain older workers (Paula 2007). The aim of this topic is to understand and learn more on the recruitment of old employees and the strategies used. We also review the benefits and challenges associated with having an older workforce in companies. We also discuss aging population and recommend what action organizations should take to ensure they have a ready supply of labor in the future. We are also going to review why age diversity pensions are decreasing in value and on the other people are becoming more likely to still have financial obligations such as mortgages or student support, later in life. We are also going to go through what employers will need to consider how they can best become an employer of choice for older workers and how they can retain older workers in an increasingly competitive market place.     For some organizations this will mean a significant culture change.   Consider that 25-34 is the current favorite recruitment age of employers and The Employers Forum on Age has estimated that ag eism costs the United Kingdom economy over  £26bn each year.   This article  will help you to explore the issues that affect your capacity to be an age positive employer and

Drug profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Drug profile - Essay Example Indications: - bronchial asthma (RACGP, 2006; Lullman et al., 2000), - bronchitis (RACGP, 2006) - exercise-related dyspnea (RACGP, 2006) - other breathing problems (RACGP, 2006). - pre-term labour (Morgan et al., 1987). According to the Medical Reference Manual by Adult Retrieval Victoria (2011), Salbutamol (5-10 mg or 8 puffs 10-15 minutely) is one of the standard therapies for refractory asthma. Continuous nebulised Salbutamol is also used for maximum pre-intubation therapy. As well, the Queensland Ambulance Service (2011) lists approved emergency indications as bronchospasm and suspected hyperkalaemia with QRS widening and/or AV dissociation (Medical Director’s Office 2011 p. 69) for adult and paediatric administration (p. 70). Contraindications against paramedic use of salbutamol have been reported to include potential synergism with other sympathomimietics. It should also be used with caution in patients with diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and cerebrovascular disease (Albuter ol 1999, p. 1). List of drug-drug interactions with Salbutamol (Albuterol 2011) Medicine name Strength Atomotexine – may cause CVS effects such as tachycardia and hypertension case reports Digitalis – hypokalemia induced by salbutamol may cause cardiac glycoside toxicity Mechanism already elucidated Diuretics – hypokalemia Steroids – hyperglycemia or hypokalemia Sympathomimetics – additive effects Theophylline – additive effects Xanthine derivatives –hypokalemia Bendrofluazide – augments hypokalemia, cardiac effects, arrhythmia Signal Transduction Mechanisms for ?2 Receptors Figure 1.The messenger system starting with the activation of receptor, which stimulates the G-protein to dissociate into its subunits. The ?-subunit then activates the enzyme converting ATP to cAMP. Figure from Guyton, A. C. and Hall, J. E. 2006. Textbook of Medical Physiology. Philadelphia: Elsevier. Salbutamol is an agonist of the beta 2 adrenergic recep tors found on the smooth muscle lining airways of the lungs (Lullman, 2000). The intracellular components of the receptor are associated with G protein. In turn, G protein has three sub units (alpha sub unit, plus tightly associated beta, and gamma sub units). Upon binding of salbutamol to ?2 receptor, the latter activates the G protein, causing GDP (guanosine 5'-diphosphate) associated with the G protein to be phosphorylated to GTP (guanosine 5'- triphosphate), which initiates detachment of alpha subunit. The alpha subunit binds with adenylyl cyclase, which catalyses the conversion of ATP to cAMP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate to adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate) (Guyton and Hall, 2006). cAMP then inhibits myosin light chain kinase which is responsible for the contraction and hence constriction of bronchial smooth muscle (Klabunde, 2008). The inhibition of myosin light chain kinase promotes the physical relaxation and hence dilation of the smooth muscle lining of the affected airways whic h improves the potential for improved respiration which is key to addressing several pulmonary disorders Evidence of Clinical Effectiveness Despite being the most used ?2-agonist, research on the clinical effectiveness of Salbutamol had contradicting results. In a randomized control trial on salbutamol against preterm labor, 100 women, ages 17-32 years old and between 20-37 weeks pregnant, were recruited.

Your opinion of the war against drugs (illegal drugs) Essay

Your opinion of the war against drugs (illegal drugs) - Essay Example Politicians understand that ‘tough talk’ on drugs gains votes by tapping into the parents’ natural instincts to protect their children. A politician’s promise to eradicate drugs is a popular sentiment amongst parents who wish to shield their kids from drugs. It is interesting that the debate on drug policies is simply that, drug policies, without distinction for the different types but youths certainly realize that there is a difference. This is evidenced by the fact that the great majority of youths who use illegal drugs choose the least harmful. The debate combines heroin with cannabis when attempting to find a solution to the problem but different drugs include widely different issues which require widely different solutions. America’s war against recreational drugs is an example of good intentions gone terribly wrong. While this country squanders over billions of dollars annually on the efforts to stop illegal drugs, trafficking and use continue as the related violence escalates. Those that want to continue the ‘war’ say that it is well worth the effort and money to try to stop the trafficking and use of illegal drugs because the practice increases criminal activity causes more pregnancies, suicide and disease especially for teens. The U.S. fights the ‘war on drugs’ by trying to inspect all cargo and passengers entering along any of the country’s 9,600 miles of land and sea borders, aboard any of the 200,000 ships, 900,000 aircraft, 135 million trucks, trains, buses or automobiles, in any of the 16 million containers or in some non-recorded boat, plane or other mode of entry (McCaffrey, 2005). It does this through search and seizure conducted by a variety of different agencies, depending upon the mode of transportation and port of entry. These agencies include the U.S. Customs Service, the U.S. Border Patrol and the Coast Guard as well as numerous state and local organizations and initiatives. Although it is reported that the

Utilitarianism Essay Essay Example for Free

Utilitarianism Essay Essay Utilitarianism is an ethical theory which acts as a guideline on how people should act in certain situations and was first introduced by a hedonist (pursuer of pleasure) named Jeremy Bentham who put forward the ‘Principle of Utility’ which said â€Å"The greatest happiness for the greatest number†. Utilitarianism is a theory which bases on the end purpose (teleological) of achieving pleasure, our decisions should be based on consequences in pursuit of the principle of utility (consequentialist) and is a theory which judges each situation independently (relativistic). Jeremy Bentham was the first contributor and developer for Utilitarianism and was most famous for his version of ‘Act’ Utilitarianism which focused applying the Principle of utility to each individual act to each unique situation. Bentham believed that happiness was the first thing to consider when making a decision, and our pleasure helped us achieve the most happiness. Bentham said that ‘Nature has placed mankind under two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure and it is them that will determine what we ought to do’ meaning the right moral decision will come about through the considerations of pleasure and pain. He devised the ‘Hedonic calculus’ (hedonic meaning pleasure) which was a piece of apparatus which helped him quantify happiness. The Hedonic calculus holds seven aspects which need to be considered: Duration (How long the pleasure will last), Remoteness (How close is the happiness), Purity (How free from pain is the pleasure), Richness (How likely will the pleasure lead to more happiness), Intensity (How strong the pleasure is), Certainty (How sure the act will produce happiness) and Extent (Will other people be affected by the pleasure). It’s these factors which a person must consider and weigh up in terms of pain and pleasure in order to find the most moral and ethical decision to make, if the calculus totals up in more pain over pleasure then this defines it as the wrong choice to make. Bentham says that you must choose the act which maximises the amount of pleasure for the most amounts of people to ensure happiness. Bentham believed that all people were entitled to happiness, and thus each to count as one and no-one as more than one. However, there were many obvious faults in this theory; for example, eating a chocolate bar is subjective to people who like and dislike chocolate therefore not every action has equal pleasure and pain for every person. John Stuart Mill, a fellow colleague of Jeremy Bentham criticised him for developing a ‘Swine theory’ as it encouraged people to be selfish and recognizes no higher purpose for life other than the mere pursuit of pleasure. Mill was concerned that one person’s unhappiness could be entirely overlooked if the majority were happy. Unlike Bentham, Mill focused on differentiating the quality of pleasure and thus introduced a new theory of utility called ‘Rule’ Utilitarianism which acted as a general guideline that achieved happiness without discriminating. Mill’s definition of happiness was tended to the spiritual and culture side rather than just physical. He distinguished between Higher and lower pleasures, higher pleasures were in pleasures in tune with the mind such as reading and poetry and lower pleasures tended to physical needs to do with the body like sex and eating. Mill stated that lower pleasures are more easily accomplishable and thus have to be completed before satisfying the intellectual needs of the mind. He famously wrote ‘It is better to be a human satisfied than a pig satisfied, it is better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied’ this meant that humans were able to feel much more rewarding emotions far above the magnitude of the feelings of the pig, regardless of dissatisfaction. Two types of rule utilitarianism have been identified in modern times, strong rule and weak rule utilitarian. Each still focuses on the application of a general rule to achieve happiness, but strong rule utilitarianism defines the rule as absolute and must not be broken, an example of this is ‘Do not kill’ which is created through the principle of utility. Weak rule utilitarianism offers a person the choice to break certain rules in order to achieve the greater good as an exception, for example the rule of ‘Do not kill’ could be broken if the opportunity to kill Hitler to prevent more pain from occurring. Mill was defined by some scholars as a weak Utilitarian.

Essay on Social Commentary in Catch-22 -- Catch-22

Social Commentary in Catch-22      Ã‚  Ã‚   Life is filled with situations that are very difficult to find an escape. Even once in a while, life presents a situation that is beyond difficult, and completely impossible to escape from. These situations were expanded upon and brought to obvious light in Joseph Heller's novel, Catch-22. This novel was such a masterful work that the phrase, catch-22 came to be synonymous with the situations that Heller portrays in his novel. Set in the final months of World War II, Catch-22 tells the story of a bomber squadron on the mythical island of Pinosa, just off of Italy. The story is told through the eyes of Captain John Yossarian, one of the few sane men in the novel, who sees all of the impossible situations his squadron is placed in. "For Catch-22 is the unwritten loophole in every written law which empowers the authorities to revoke your rights whenever it suits their cruel whims; it is, in short, the principle of absolute evil in a malevolent, mechanical, and incompetent w orld. Because of Catch-22, justice is mocked, the innocent are victimized, and Yossarian's squadron is forced to fly more than double the number of missions prescribed by Air Force code" (Skreiner 1). The mops vivid examples of the paradoxes created by catch-22 come from the specific characters; Hungry Joe, Doc Daneeka, Orr, Milo Minderbinder, and Yossarian.    Probably the most peculiar paradox presented in Catch-22 is formed around a pilot named Hungry Joe. Following a common, logical train of thought, Hungry Joe wishes to finish his time in the war and return home, where his safety is guaranteed, and he is in no danger of being killed. The catch originates from a common junction of many of the catches characters ... ... that he is so quickly able to persuade us (1) that the most lunatic are the most logical, and (2) that it is our conventional standards which lack any logical consistency"(Brustein 228). Catch-22 is about coping with what life throws you, then understanding the hopelessness, and still never giving up. Catch-22 is a novel that instructs the reader to do as Heller did, leave convention behind. It is wrong, only the individual matters, because without the soul, man is garbage.    Works Cited    Brustein, Robert. "Joseph Heller". CLC. 3:228. Heller, Joseph. Catch-22. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996. Skreiner, David. "Catch-22" Downloaded from http://www.schoolsucks.com/. March 17, 1998. Kennard, Jean. "Joseph Heller". CLC. 8:278. Littlejohn, David. "Joseph Heller". CLC. 3:229. Burhans, Clinton. "Joseph Heller". CLC. 3:230.